🏆 Citizenship exam relevance
The Bulgarian citizenship exam directly tests cultural and historical knowledge. Questions about national holidays, famous Bulgarians, geography, national symbols and key dates appear in almost every sitting. This day covers the most frequently tested areas — study it carefully and return to it before Day 35.
Section 1
A complete timeline of Bulgarian history
From the ancient Thracians to the present — 7,000 years of civilisation on Bulgarian soil.
Bulgaria has one of the richest and most continuous histories of any nation in Europe. The land that is now Bulgaria has been inhabited since the Neolithic period, has produced some of the world's oldest gold artefacts, gave the Slavic world its alphabet, and spent five centuries under Ottoman rule before winning its freedom in 1878. Understanding this history is essential to understanding Bulgarians today — and to passing the citizenship exam.
The Varna Necropolis near modern Varna contains the oldest worked gold jewellery ever found — dating to around 4600–4200 BCE. This predates Egyptian gold by over a thousand years. Bulgaria is literally the birthplace of European gold culture.
The Thracians were a group of Indo-European tribes who inhabited the land now called Bulgaria for over 2,000 years. Famous for their warrior culture, gold craftsmanship and the legendary figure of Orpheus (believed to be Thracian), they left behind remarkable tombs and treasures — including the Panagyurishte Gold Treasure (4th century BCE), now in the National History Museum in Sofia.
The Romans conquered Thracian lands and established two provinces: Moesia (north) and Thracia (south). Several of today's Bulgarian cities were founded as Roman settlements: Serdica (modern Sofia), Philippopolis (Plovdiv) and Nicopolis ad Istrum. Emperor Constantine the Great was born in Naissus, just west of modern Bulgaria, and his mother Helena may have had Thracian roots.
Khan Asparuh led the Bulgars — a Turkic-speaking people from the steppes — south of the Danube and united them with the Slavic tribes already living there. In 681 CE, Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV signed a treaty recognising the new state: the First Bulgarian Empire. This date is celebrated as the founding of Bulgaria. The capital was Pliska.
Tsar Boris I converted to Orthodox Christianity, bringing Bulgaria into the Byzantine cultural sphere. This was a defining moment — it connected Bulgaria to European Christian civilisation and set the stage for the creation of the Cyrillic alphabet just years later. Bulgaria became one of the great centres of Christian Slavic culture.
Saints Cyril and Methodius created the Glagolitic alphabet to write the Slavic liturgy. After their deaths, their disciples — above all Saint Kliment Ohridski — developed the Cyrillic script based on Greek letters, simpler and more practical. The Preslav Literary School (Bulgaria) became the centre of Slavic literacy. Today Cyrillic is used by over 250 million people worldwide. Bulgaria gave the world its alphabet.
Simeon I (Симеон Велики) presided over the greatest flowering of Bulgarian culture in history. He expanded the empire to its largest extent — stretching from the Adriatic to the Black Sea — and made Bulgaria the dominant power in the Balkans, rivalling Byzantium. Bulgarian became the official church and literary language of the Slavic world. Preslav was one of Europe's most magnificent cities.
A series of Byzantine campaigns gradually eroded Bulgarian territory. Tsar Samuel fought brilliantly but was finally defeated at the Battle of Kleidion (1014), where the Byzantine Emperor Basil II blinded 15,000 Bulgarian prisoners — earning him the epithet "Bulgaroktonos" (Bulgar Slayer). Bulgaria was incorporated into the Byzantine Empire. Samuel reportedly died of grief.
Brothers Asen and Peter led a successful uprising against Byzantine rule, founding the Second Bulgarian Empire with its capital at Tarnovo (Велико Търново). The empire flourished under Tsar Kaloyan and reached its peak under Tsar Ivan Asen II (1218–1241), who controlled most of the Balkans and was one of the most powerful rulers in Europe.
The Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I besieged and captured Tarnovo, the Bulgarian capital, ending the Second Bulgarian Empire. The Patriarch Euthymius was exiled; many Bulgarian nobles and clergy were killed. Bulgaria would remain under Ottoman rule for nearly 500 years. The memory of Tarnovo and the medieval kingdom became central to Bulgarian national identity.
For nearly five centuries, Bulgaria existed as a province of the Ottoman Empire. The Bulgarian nobility was eliminated; the Orthodox Church was placed under Greek Patriarchal authority; Bulgarian culture was suppressed. Yet Bulgarian identity survived — preserved in monasteries, folk traditions, and the resilience of ordinary people. This period is called "робството" (the slavery/bondage) in Bulgarian history.
In 1762, the monk Paisiy Hilendarski wrote "История Славянобългарска" (Slavonic-Bulgarian History) — the first modern Bulgarian history, written to awaken Bulgarian national consciousness. His famous opening words: "O, you foolish Bulgarian, why are you ashamed of your own people and language?" This text ignited the Bulgarian National Revival (Национално Възраждане).
The first modern Bulgarian secular school opened in Gabrovo, founded with money from merchant Vasil Aprilov. Education became the engine of national revival — Bulgarian schools, читалища (community centres) and printing presses spread across the country, building a literate, nationally conscious Bulgarian middle class.
Vasil Levski (Васил Левски) organised a network of revolutionary committees across Bulgaria to prepare an uprising against Ottoman rule. Betrayed and captured, he was hanged in Sofia on 19 February 1873. He remains the most beloved figure in Bulgarian history — a symbol of self-sacrifice, idealism and the dream of freedom. His last words were reportedly: "Bulgaria is everything to me."
The April Uprising was a premature but heroic attempt to free Bulgaria by force. It was crushed with extraordinary brutality — thousands of civilians were massacred at Batak and other villages. The atrocities shocked Europe; journalist Januarius MacGahan's reports and the outrage of William Gladstone forced the issue onto the international stage. Writer Ivan Vazov immortalised the uprising in his novel "Under the Yoke" (Под игото).
The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 ended with the Treaty of San Stefano, which created a large Bulgarian state. The subsequent Treaty of Berlin (July 1878) reduced it — to the frustration of Bulgarians — but Bulgaria's core territory was established as an autonomous principality. 3 March is celebrated as Liberation Day (Ден на Освобождението) — Bulgaria's most important national holiday.
Eastern Rumelia (southern Bulgaria), which had been kept separate by the Treaty of Berlin, united with the Principality of Bulgaria on 6 September 1885 — through a peaceful coup, without bloodshed. This date is celebrated as Unification Day (Ден на Съединението). Serbia declared war in protest but was defeated by the Bulgarian army.
Prince Ferdinand proclaimed Bulgaria's full independence from nominal Ottoman suzerainty on 22 September 1908, coinciding with the anniversary of the Bulgarian kingdom. Bulgaria became the Kingdom of Bulgaria. This date is Independence Day (Ден на Независимостта).
Bulgaria fought alongside Serbia, Greece and Montenegro against the Ottoman Empire in the First Balkan War (1912), liberating Macedonia and Thrace. The Second Balkan War (1913) saw Bulgaria fight its former allies over the division of territory — and lose, resulting in significant territorial losses. These wars left deep scars in Bulgarian national memory.
After World War II, Bulgaria became a People's Republic under Todor Zhivkov's communist government (1954–1989), one of the most loyal Soviet satellite states. Industrialisation transformed Bulgaria, but political repression, forced labour camps, and the 1984–85 forced renaming of Bulgarian Muslims caused lasting harm. The period ended peacefully in November 1989.
Todor Zhivkov resigned on 10 November 1989, the day after the Berlin Wall fell. Bulgaria transitioned to democracy and market economy through the 1990s — a painful process involving hyperinflation (1996–97), privatisation and emigration. Over 2 million Bulgarians have left since 1989, significantly reducing the population.
Bulgaria joined NATO on 29 March 2004, completing its integration into Western security structures. Bulgarian troops have served in Afghanistan, Iraq and Kosovo as part of NATO missions.
Bulgaria joined the European Union on 1 January 2007, alongside Romania. This is a frequently tested date in the citizenship exam. EU membership brought significant changes: freedom of movement, structural funds for infrastructure, and full participation in the European single market.
Bulgaria remains a constitutional democracy and republic, with a President (ceremonial) and Prime Minister (executive). It is a member of NATO, the EU, the UN and the Council of Europe. It is expected to join the Eurozone and Schengen Area in the coming years. Despite challenges of emigration and corruption, Bulgaria has a vibrant culture, world-class natural landscapes and a rapidly developing tech sector.
Section 2
National symbols and identity
The symbols every Bulgarian citizen should know — and the exam will test.
| Symbol | Bulgarian | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| Flag | Трицветното знаме | Three horizontal bands: WHITE (top) · GREEN (middle) · RED (bottom). White = freedom and peace. Green = nature and agriculture. Red = the blood of heroes. |
| Coat of Arms | Гербът на България | A golden crowned lion rearing on a dark red shield. Three lions on the upper shield. Crossed swords below. The lion has symbolised Bulgaria since the medieval Second Empire. |
| Anthem | "Мила Родино" | Words by Цветан Радославов. Music adapted from a folk melody. Adopted as anthem in 1964. Begins: "Горда Стара Планина..." (Proud Stara Planina...). |
| Capital | София | Founded as Roman Serdica in 2nd century CE. Named Sofia after the 14th-century Sveta Sofia basilica. Population ~1.3 million. Vitosha mountain visible from the city centre. |
| Currency | Лев (BGN) | Fixed to the Euro at 1 EUR = 1.95583 BGN since 1999. Bulgaria is expected to adopt the Euro. The lev is divided into 100 стотинки. |
| National flower | Роза | Bulgaria is the world's largest producer of rose oil (розово масло). The Rose Valley (Розова долина) near Kazanlak produces most of the world's supply. Rose picking (розобер) in late May is a major cultural event. |
| National animal | Лъв | The lion — symbol of the Bulgarian kingdom. Appears on the coat of arms, military insignia and throughout Bulgarian iconography. |
Section 3
National holidays — dates, names and significance
Know all 11 official holidays — the exam tests the dates and what they mark.
| Date | Name (Bulgarian) | Name (English) | What it marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 януари | Нова година | New Year's Day | Fireworks, family gatherings, the Сурвакари tradition (ritual morning visits with decorated branches) |
| 3 март | Ден на Освобождението | Liberation Day | End of Ottoman rule (Treaty of San Stefano, 1878). The MOST important national holiday. Military parade in Sofia. |
| 1 май | Ден на труда | Labour Day | International Workers' Day. Public holiday. |
| 6 май | Гергьовден / Ден на храбростта | St George's Day / Army Day | Patron saint of the Bulgarian Army. Traditional dish: roast lamb (печено агне). One of the most widely celebrated name days. |
| 24 май | Ден на Буквите | Day of Bulgarian Education and Culture / Alphabet Day | Celebrates the Cyrillic alphabet and Saints Cyril and Methodius. School parades, flowers. Uniquely Bulgarian — one of the most beloved holidays. |
| 6 септември | Ден на Съединението | Unification Day | Unification of Eastern Rumelia with Bulgaria (1885). |
| 22 септември | Ден на Независимостта | Independence Day | Declaration of independence from Ottoman suzerainty (1908). |
| 1 ноември | Ден на народните будители | Day of the National Awakeners | Honours teachers, writers and educators who preserved Bulgarian national identity during Ottoman rule. |
| 24 декември | Бъдни вечер | Christmas Eve | The most important family gathering of the year. Traditional foods include баница with lucky coins. Church services at midnight. |
| 25 декември | Коледа | Christmas Day | Family celebration. Father Christmas is Дядо Коледа. |
| 1 януари (Orthodox calendar) | Имен ден | Name Day (throughout year) | Orthodox name days — often celebrated more than birthdays. On your name day, you host visitors; you do not organise your own celebration. |
Section 4
Famous Bulgarians — history, science, culture and sport
The Bulgarians who changed their country and the world.
Historical and political figures
| Name | Period | Why significant |
|---|---|---|
| Хан Аспарух | 681 CE | Founder of the First Bulgarian Empire. United the Bulgars and Slavic tribes; won recognition of the Bulgarian state from Byzantium in 681 CE. |
| Цар Симеон I Велики | 893–927 | "Simeon the Great" — presided over the Golden Age of Bulgarian culture. Expanded the empire to its greatest extent; made Bulgarian the Slavic world's literary language. |
| Свети Климент Охридски | c.840–916 | Disciple of Cyril and Methodius; developed the Cyrillic alphabet as we know it; founded the Ohrid Literary School; first bishop of a Slavic people. |
| Паисий Хилендарски | 1722–1773 | Monk who wrote the first modern Bulgarian history (1762), igniting the National Revival. His book awoke Bulgarian national consciousness after centuries of Ottoman rule. |
| Васил Левски | 1837–1873 | "The Apostle of Freedom" — organised the revolutionary network for Bulgarian liberation; executed by the Ottomans. The most beloved figure in Bulgarian history. |
| Христо Ботев | 1848–1876 | Revolutionary poet and freedom fighter. Died crossing the Danube to join the April Uprising. His poems remain among the finest in the Bulgarian language. |
| Цар Фердинанд I | 1887–1918 | Declared Bulgarian independence in 1908; led Bulgaria into the Balkan Wars and World War I. |
Writers and artists
| Name | Period | Why significant |
|---|---|---|
| Иван Вазов | 1850–1921 | "The Patriarch of Bulgarian Literature." Author of "Под игото" (Under the Yoke) — the Bulgarian national novel. Also wrote major poetry and drama. |
| Пенчо Славейков | 1866–1912 | Major poet; nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature 1912 — one of the first Bulgarians to receive international literary recognition. |
| Елин Пелин | 1877–1949 | Master of the Bulgarian short story; wrote with warmth and humour about Bulgarian village life. |
| Христо Смирненски | 1898–1923 | Beloved lyric and revolutionary poet; died aged 24 but left an enduring legacy in Bulgarian poetry. |
| Захари Зограф | 1810–1853 | Greatest Bulgarian painter of the National Revival period; famous for his church frescoes including the Last Judgement in Bachkovo Monastery. |
Scientists and inventors
| Name | Period | Why significant |
|---|---|---|
| Джон Атанасов | 1903–1995 | Bulgarian-American physicist; conceived the first electronic digital computer (Atanasoff-Berry Computer, 1937–42). Recognised as the father of the modern computer. |
| Петър Берон | 1799–1871 | Polymath — physician, natural scientist, philosopher and educator. Wrote the first modern Bulgarian textbook ("Fish Primer", 1824) and contributed to multiple branches of science. |
| Стефан Пройнов | 1853–1916 | Pioneer of Bulgarian meteorology and seismology; founded Bulgaria's first meteorological stations. |
Sport
| Name | Sport | Achievement |
|---|---|---|
| Стефка Костадинова | High jump | World record of 2.09m (1987) — still the world record, the longest-standing in any athletic event. |
| Хубавенка Тодорова | Shooting | Olympic gold medallist; one of Bulgaria's most decorated shooters. |
| Кубрат Пулев | Boxing | IBF heavyweight contender; two-time European heavyweight champion; fought Anthony Joshua for the world title. |
| Грégoire Dimitri Мутафчийски | Medicine/Public health | Head of Military Medical Academy; became a national figure during COVID-19 pandemic response. |
| Везеков и Рубин Цветков | Chess | Bulgaria has produced several chess grandmasters, with a strong tradition in the sport. |
Section 5
Living traditions and customs
The traditions that make Bulgaria unique — still practised today.
Nestinarstvo — the fire walkers
One of Bulgaria's most extraordinary traditions: нестинарството involves ritual barefoot dancing on live embers, performed by specially chosen individuals called нестинари. Practised in the Strandzha mountain villages, it is believed to have pre-Christian origins. UNESCO inscribed it on its list of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The nестинари enter a trance-like state and reportedly feel no pain or burns.
Кукери — the kukeri tradition
Кукерите are elaborately costumed figures who perform ritual dances in late winter and early spring to drive away evil spirits and welcome spring. Their enormous handmade costumes — featuring masks, fur, feathers and bells — weigh up to 40kg. The kukeri tradition is found across Bulgaria and the Balkans, with each region having its own costume style. Also UNESCO-listed.
Марteница — Baba Marta and the first of March
On 1 March, Bulgarians give each other a мартеница — a small decoration made of red and white twisted threads. It is worn until you see the first stork, swallow or blossoming tree of spring, then tied to a tree. The red and white symbolise health (red) and purity (white). Баба Марта (Grandmother March) is the personification of the capricious spring weather. This tradition is uniquely Bulgarian and deeply loved across all generations.
Розобер — the rose harvest
Every May and June, the Розова долина (Rose Valley) near Kazanlak fills with the scent of Damascene roses. Bulgaria produces 70–85% of the world's rose oil (розово масло), used in the finest perfumes. The rose harvest is a major cultural festival — visitors come from around the world to pick roses at dawn (they must be picked before sunrise). The Rose Queen (Царица Роза) is crowned each year at the festival in Kazanlak.
Social customs — what to expect
| Situation | Bulgarian custom | Key phrase |
|---|---|---|
| Greeting | Handshake for formal situations. Between friends: one or two kisses on the cheek, sometimes a hug. | Здравейте (formal) / Здравей (informal) |
| Visiting a home | Always bring a gift — flowers (odd number only), wine, chocolate or sweets for children. Remove shoes at the door if hosts do. | Заповядайте! (Come in!) |
| At the table | Wait for the host to invite you to begin. Toast before drinking — always make eye contact. | Наздраве! / На здраве! |
| The nod trap | CRITICAL: Nodding DOWN = НЕ (no). Shaking SIDE TO SIDE = ДА (yes). Opposite to English. | да / не — confirm with words |
| Name days | In traditional families, name days are more important than birthdays. You visit uninvited; the host provides food and drink. | Честит имен ден! |
| Flowers | Always give an ODD number of flowers to living people. Even numbers (especially 2, 4, 6) are for funerals only. | |
| Threshold greeting | Never greet someone across a doorstep — superstition holds it causes quarrels. Step inside first. | Не поздравявай през прага |
| Whistling indoors | Considered to attract snakes and bad luck — avoided by many Bulgarians, especially older generations. |
Section 6
Bulgarian geography — key facts for the exam
The geography the citizenship exam tests directly.
| Category | Details | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Area | 110,879 sq km | 17th largest country in Europe. Slightly smaller than England. |
| Population | c.6.5 million (declining) | One of the fastest-declining populations in the EU due to emigration since 1989. |
| Borders | Romania (N), Serbia (NW), North Macedonia (W), Greece (S), Turkey (SE), Black Sea (E) | Bulgaria borders 5 countries. The Danube forms the northern border with Romania. |
| Longest river | Дунав (Danube) | Forms the entire northern border. Bulgaria's most important river for transport and trade. |
| Highest peak | Мусала — 2,925 m (Рила) | Highest peak in Bulgaria AND the entire Balkan Peninsula. In the Rila Mountains south of Sofia. |
| Main mountain ranges | Рила · Пирин · Родопи · Стара Планина · Витоша | Stara Planina runs east-west, dividing north and south Bulgaria. Vitosha is the mountain overlooking Sofia. |
| Coastline | c.354 km on the Black Sea | Major summer tourist destination. Main resorts: Слънчев бряг (Sunny Beach), Золотите пясъци (Golden Sands), Несебър (Nessebar — UNESCO). |
| Main cities | София (1.3M) · Пловдив (350K) · Варна (330K) · Бургас (220K) · Русе (150K) | Plovdiv is the second city; European Capital of Culture 2019. Varna and Burgas are the main Black Sea cities. |
| UNESCO sites | Несебър · Боянска църква · Мадарски конник · Рилски манастир · Казанлъшка гробница · Ивановски скални църкви · Свещарската гробница | 7 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Bulgaria. |
Section 7
Religion, the Orthodox Church and Bulgarian monasteries
The Bulgarian Orthodox Church has been the guardian of Bulgarian identity for centuries.
The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Българска православна църква) has been central to Bulgarian life since 864 CE. During the Ottoman period, it was the institution that kept Bulgarian language, literacy and identity alive. It became autocephalous (independent) in 870 CE — one of the oldest independent churches in the world. Today about 80% of Bulgarians identify as Orthodox Christian.
| Monastery | Bulgarian | Why significant |
|---|---|---|
| Rila Monastery | Рилски манастир | The most visited site in Bulgaria. Founded 10th century by St Ivan Rilski. UNESCO World Heritage Site. A symbol of Bulgarian spiritual and cultural survival during Ottoman rule. 117km south of Sofia. |
| Bachkovo Monastery | Бачковски манастир | Second largest monastery in Bulgaria. Founded 1083 CE. Famous for the miracle-working icon of the Virgin Mary and the dramatic Zachari Zograf frescoes. |
| Troyan Monastery | Троянски манастир | Third largest. Famous for its extraordinary frescoes depicting the Last Judgement. In the Balkan Mountains. |
| Boyana Church | Боянска църква | Small church outside Sofia with extraordinary medieval frescoes (1259) — considered masterpieces of European medieval art. UNESCO World Heritage Site. The portraits are 150 years ahead of their time. |
💡 Рилски Monastery — what every Bulgarian knows
The Rila Monastery is not just a religious site — it is a symbol of the Bulgarian nation. During the Ottoman period, it preserved manuscripts, education and Bulgarian cultural identity. The monk Ivan Rilski (10th century) founded it as a hermitage; it grew into the most important cultural institution of medieval Bulgaria. Every Bulgarian schoolchild visits it. If you visit Bulgaria, this is the one site you must see.
Section 8
Bulgarian food culture
Food is identity in Bulgaria — what people eat connects them to history, region and season.
Bulgarian cuisine reflects the country's geography and history — Thracian, Slavic, Ottoman and Mediterranean influences all visible in the food. Bulgarians take great pride in their food culture, especially their dairy products, wines and traditional dishes.
| Topic | Bulgarian | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Кисело мляко | Bulgarian yoghurt | The unique bacterial culture Lactobacillus bulgaricus was discovered in Bulgaria and named after it. Bulgarian yoghurt is different from any other — thicker, tangier, and considered one of the healthiest foods in the world. It is eaten daily. |
| Вино | Bulgarian wine | Bulgaria has been producing wine since ancient Thrace — one of the world's oldest wine traditions. The Thracian Valley and Danubian Plain produce internationally awarded wines. Bulgaria was a major wine exporter to the Soviet Union and is now increasingly recognised internationally. |
| Ракия | Bulgarian brandy | The national spirit — distilled from grapes (гроздова) or plums (сливова). Every village family makes its own. Offering ракия is a gesture of hospitality and friendship. Never refuse the first glass. |
| Шопска салата | National salad | Tomatoes, cucumbers, roasted peppers, onion, topped with grated white сирене. Named after the Shopi people of western Bulgaria. Simple but iconic — on every menu in the country. |
| Баница | National pastry | Filo pastry filled with eggs and white cheese, baked until golden. Eaten for breakfast throughout Bulgaria. On 1 January, lucky coins (кесмета) are baked inside. |
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Section 9
Writing task
✏️ Writing task — Day 31
- What are the three most important dates in Bulgarian history? Write a sentence about each explaining its significance.
- Describe the мартеница tradition in Bulgarian. What does it represent and when is it worn?
- Who was Васил Левски, and why do Bulgarians consider him the greatest national hero?
- Name three Bulgarian UNESCO World Heritage Sites and say where each is located.
Show answers
1. E.g. 681 г. — основаването на Първата българска държава; 3 март 1878 — Освобождението; 24 май — Денят на буквите.
2. Мартеницата е червено-бяло украшение, което се дава на 1 март. Носи се до първия щъркел или цъфнало дърво. Символизира здраве и чистота.
3. Organised the revolutionary network against Ottoman rule; executed 1873; symbol of self-sacrifice for freedom; known as "The Apostle of Freedom" (Апостолът на свободата).
4. Рилски манастир (Rila Mountains), Боянска църква (near Sofia), Несебър (Black Sea coast), Мадарски конник (Shumen area).
Day 31 Quiz
20 questions · score 6+ to mark day complete
Question 1 of 20
In which year was the First Bulgarian Empire founded?
Question 2 of 20
What are the colours of the Bulgarian flag, from top to bottom?
Question 3 of 20
Which date is Liberation Day — Bulgaria's most important national holiday?
Question 4 of 20
What does nodding your head mean in Bulgaria?
Question 5 of 20
24 май (Day of the Alphabet) celebrates:
Question 6 of 20
Who is known as "The Apostle of Freedom"?
Question 7 of 20
What is the highest peak in Bulgaria — and the Balkans?
Question 8 of 20
When did Bulgaria join the EU?
Question 9 of 20
The мартеница tradition is associated with which date?
Question 10 of 20
What is Bulgaria's most visited UNESCO site?
Question 11 of 20
Джон Атанасов is credited with inventing:
Question 12 of 20
What is Стефка Костадинова's world record?
Question 13 of 20
The Rila Monastery is located in which mountain range?
Question 14 of 20
What does Lactobacillus bulgaricus relate to?
Question 15 of 20
Which monk wrote the first modern Bulgarian history in 1762?
Question 16 of 20
How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites does Bulgaria have?
Question 17 of 20
What is "нестинарството"?
Question 18 of 20
The Treaty of San Stefano (1878) was signed after which war?
Question 19 of 20
"Под игото" (Under the Yoke) was written by:
Question 20 of 20
Bulgaria is the world's largest producer of:
Day 31 Recap
Review before Day 32. Every point builds on the last.
| Topic | Key point | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Key dates | 681 (founded) · 1878 (liberation) · 1885 (unification) · 1908 (independence) · 2007 (EU) | All exam-tested |
| Flag | Бяло · зелено · червено (top to bottom) | Most common first question |
| Нod trap | Nod DOWN = НЕ (no). Shake side = ДА (yes). Opposite to English. | Critical for real life |
| Key figures | Левски (freedom) · Вазов (literature) · Климент (alphabet) · Атанасов (computer) | Know what each is famous for |
| Traditions | Мартеница (1 март) · Нестинари · Кукери · Розобер · Хоро | UNESCO: нестинарство and кукери |
| Geography | 5 neighbours · Мусала (highest) · Дунав (north) · 354km coast · 7 UNESCO sites |